shear stud connector

Stud welding, also known as stud arc welding, joins a stud and another

piece of metal together. The stud is usually joined to a flat plate by using

the stud as one of the electrodes. The polarity used in stud welding

depends on the type of metal being used. Welding aluminum, for example,

would usually require direct-current electrode positive (DCEP). Welding

steel would require direct-current electrode negative (DCEN). Stud welding

uses a type of flux called a ferrule, a ceramic ring which concentrates the

heat generated, prevents oxidation and retains the molten metal in the

weld zone. The ferrule is broken off of the fastener after the weld is

completed. Portable stud welding machines are available. Welders can also

be automated, with controls for arcing and applying pressure. Stud

welding is very versatile. Typical applications include automobile bodies,

electrical panels, shipbuilding and building construction. Shipbuilding is

one of the oldest uses of stud welding. Stud welding revolutionized the

shipbuilding industry. All other manufacturing industries can also use stud

welding for a variety of purposes.